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For nineteenth-century pioneers, driving in covered wagons over
the mountains and deserts of the arduous Oregon Trail, the Willamette
Valley was the promised land. Rich and fertile, it became the home
of Oregon's first settlements, and the valley is still the heart
of the state's social, political and cultural existence. Portland
, the biggest city, has a cozy European feel; Salem , the state
capital, maintains a small-town air; and Eugene , at the southern
foot of the valley, is a likeable college community.
East of Portland, waterfalls cascade down mossy cliffs along the
Columbia River Gorge , south of which the twisting path of an old
pioneer road leads through more beautiful scenery around Mount Hood
. Central Oregon, and its increasingly popular recreation hub, Bend
, is located on a high chaparral desert with sage and juniper trees,
with close access to the southern Cascades, as well as numerous
lakes and rivers dropping into striking canyons. Further south,
around Grants Pass the major rivers drain to the Pacific, carving
steep gorges and making for some excellent whitewater rafting, while
the liberal hamlet of Ashland offers a splash of culture with its
annual Shakespeare Festival.
Several highways link the Willamette Valley to the rugged coast,
whose most northerly town, Astoria , enjoys a magnificent setting
strewn with imposing Victorian homes. South along the coast, wide
and protected expanses of sand are broken by jagged black monoliths;
white lighthouses look out from stark headlands; and rough cliffs
conceal small, sheltered coves. With its sand dunes, dense forests,
and sheer variety, the coast is every bit as appealing as its Californian
counterpart, albeit not as warm.
The rugged deserts and lava fields of Eastern Oregon are more remote
and were only settled on any scale once the prime land in the west
had already been taken. The settling process involved not only ferocious
"Indian campaigns" but also the bitterly violent range
wars between sheep-farmers and terrorist "sheep-shooters"
(associations of cattle ranchers). Sheep and cows now graze in peace,
and some small towns still celebrate their cowboy roots with annual
rodeos.
Portland is well connected by train and bus along the I-5 freeway
to Seattle in the north and California to the south. Amtrak (tel
1-800-USA-RAIL, ) runs its Coast Starlight train once daily north
to Seattle or south to LA, while its Cascades line runs four times
daily between Eugene and Vancouver, BC. Bus routes radiate from
Portland out to Spokane in Washington, across southern and central
Oregon and to the coast. There's also a twice-daily service from
Portland to San Francisco along US-101, and another following the
line of I-84 east from Portland as far as Pendleton, and then south
towards Boise in Idaho.
Local bus companies serve communities north of Lincoln City in
sporadic fashion, but the coast is also excellent for cycling ,
if a bit windy. There are many great opportunities for hiking ,
though having your own vehicle can make it easier to access the
more remote spots. Hitchhiking , inadvisable anywhere in the US,
is illegal in Oregon.
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