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OHIO , the farthest east of the Great Lakes states, lies to the
south of shallow Lake Erie. This is one of the nation's most industrialized
regions, but the industry is largely concentrated in the east, near
the Ohio River. To the south the landscape becomes less populated
and more forested. Ohio also has the world's largest Amish population.
They farm in the northeast and west into mid-Indiana, and are much
less of a tourist attraction than the highly publicized Pennsylvania
Dutch.
Enigmatic traces of Ohio's earliest inhabitants can be seen at
the Great Serpent Mound , a grassy state park sixty miles east of
Cincinnati, where a cleared hilltop high above a river was reshaped
to represent a giant snake swallowing an egg, possibly by the Adena
Indians around 800 BC. When the French claimed the area in 1699,
it was inhabited by the Iroquois , in whose language Ohio means
"something great." In the eighteenth century, its prime
position between Lake Erie and the Ohio River made it the subject
of fierce contention between the French and British. Once the British
had acquired control of most of the French land east of the Mississippi,
settlers from New England began to establish communities along both
the Ohio River and the Iroquois War Trail paths on the shores of
the lake.
During the Civil War, Ohio was at the forefront of the struggle,
producing two great Union generals, Ulysses Grant and William Sherman,
and sending more than twice its quota of volunteers to fight for
the North. Its progress thereafter has followed the classic "Rust
Belt" pattern: rapid industrialization, aided by its natural
resources and crucial location, which during the 1970s foundered
alarmingly and has only recently shown any signs of resurgence.
Although the state is dominated by its triumvirate of "C"s
( Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati ), its most visited destinations
are the Lake Erie Islands , which have benefited from the recent
cleanup of the polluted lake and now attract thousands of partying
mainlanders. Cincinnati and Cleveland, the latter hit especially
hard by the recession, have both undergone major face-lifts and
are surprisingly attractive, as is the comparatively unassuming
state capital of Columbus.
Amtrak trains between New York or Washington and Chicago stop at
either Cincinnati or Cleveland and Toledo. Ohio is well served by
Greyhound buses , and there are major airports at Cleveland and
Cincinnati.
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