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Settled in turn by Native Americans, Spaniards, Mexicans and Yankees,
NEW MEXICO is among the most ethnically and culturally diverse of
all the states in the US. Each successive group has built upon the
legacy of its predecessors; their various histories and achievements
are closely intertwined, and in some ways the late-coming white
Americans from the north and east have had comparatively little
impact. Signs of the region's rich heritage are everywhere, from
ancient pictographs and cliff dwellings to the design of the state's
license plates, taken from a Zia Indian symbol for the sun - the
one near-constant fact of life in this arid land.
New Mexico's indigenous peoples - especially the Pueblo Indians
, as the name suggests clear descendants of the Ancestral Puebloans
- provide a sense of cultural continuity. Despite the Pueblo Revolt
of 1680, which forced a temporary Spanish withdrawal into Mexico,
the missionary endeavor here was in general less brutal than elsewhere.
The proselytizing padres eventually co-opted the natives without
destroying their traditional ways of life, as local deities and
celebrations were incorporated into Catholic practice. Somewhat
bizarrely to outsiders, grand churches still stand at the center
of many Pueblo settlements, often adjacent to the underground ceremonial
chambers known as kivas , and almost always built in the local adobe
style.
The Americans who took over from the Mexicans in 1848 saw New Mexico
as a useless wasteland. But for a few mining booms and range wars
- such as the Lincoln County War, which brought Billy the Kid to
fame - New Mexico was left relatively undisturbed until it finally
became a state in 1912. During World War II, it was the base of
operations for the top-secret Manhattan Project , which built and
detonated the first atomic bomb, and since then it has been home
to America's premier weapons research outposts. By and large, people
here work close to the land - mining, farming and ranching - with
tourism increasingly underpinning the economy.
Northern New Mexico centers on the magnificent landscapes of the
Rio Grande Valley , which contains its two finest cities: Santa
Fe , the adobe-fronted capital, and the artists' colony and winter
resort of Taos , with its nearby pueblo. More than a dozen Pueblo
villages can be found in the mountainous area between the two, while
to the west lie the evocative ancient ruins at Bandelier and Puyé
. The broad swath of central New Mexico along I-40 - the interstate
highway that succeeded the old Route 66 - pivots around the state's
biggest city, Albuquerque , with the extraordinary mesa-top Pueblo
village of Ácoma ("Sky City") an hour's drive to
the west. In wild and wide-open southern New Mexico , the deep Carlsbad
Caverns are the main attraction, while you can still stumble upon
old mining and cattle-ranching towns that have somehow hung on since
the end of the Wild West.
For many visitors, the defining feature of New Mexico is its adobe
architecture , as seen on homes, churches, and even shopping malls
and motels. Adobe bricks are a sun-baked mixture of earth, sand,
charcoal and chopped grass or straw, set with a mortar of much the
same composition, and then plastered over with mud and straw. The
color of the soil used dictates the color of the final building,
and thus subtle variations can be seen all across the state. However,
adobe is a far from convenient material: it needs replastering every
few years and turns to mud when water seeps up from the ground,
so that many buildings have to be sporadically raised and bolstered
by the insertion of rocks at their base. These days, most of what
looks like adobe is actually painted cement or concrete, but even
this looks attractive enough in its own semi-kitsch way, and hunting
out such superb old adobes as the remote Santuario de Chimayó
on the " High Road " between Taos and Santa Fe, the formidable
church of San Francisco de Asis in Ranchos de Taos, or the multitiered
dwellings of Taos Pueblo , can provide the focus of an enjoyable
New Mexico tour.
You'll also become familiar with another New Mexico trademark,
the bright-red ristras , or strings of dried chili peppers , that
adorn doorways throughout the state; festooned on restaurant entrances,
they serve as warnings of the fiery delights that await within.
Public transportation is rare in New Mexico; Santa Fe, for example,
does not have a rail service. Amtrak trains do, however, pass through
Albuquerque, pit stop for transcontinental Greyhound buses and site
of the only major airport - linked by shuttle services with the
rest of the state. Texas' El Paso is a more convenient transportation
hub for Carlsbad. A few companies offer guided coach tours in the
Santa Fe and Taos area, but as usual getting around is really best
done by car .
See what New Mexico car rentals has to offer today. Choose a link
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