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To the first colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Company , their
arrival near the site of modern Salem in 1630 marked a crucial moment
in history. Puritans who had decided to leave England before it
was engulfed by civil war, saw their purpose, in the words of Governor
John Winthrop, as the establishment of a Utopian " City upon
a hill ." Their new colony of MASSACHUSETTS was to be a beacon
to the rest of humanity, an exemplar of sober government along sound
spiritual principles. Not all those who followed, however, shared
the same motivation; the story is often told of the preacher who
told his congregation that they had come to New England to build
a new kingdom of God, only to be challenged by a vociferous parishioner
who said he had come to fish.
In their own terms, the Puritans were not successful: as waves
of immigration brought all kinds of dissenters and free-thinkers
from Europe, society in New England inevitably became secular. However,
their influence remained. A clarity of thought and forcefulness
of purpose can be traced from the foundation of Harvard College
in 1636, through the intellectual impetus behind the Revolution
and the crusade against slavery, to the nineteenth-century achievements
of writers such as Melville, Emerson, Hawthorne and Thoreau.
Other traditions, too, have helped shape the state - poor migrants
from Ireland and Italy , freed and escaped slaves from the Southern
states, Portuguese seamen - even if they have not always been welcome.
The anti-immigrant "Know-Nothing" party of the 1850s acquired
considerable public support; in 1927, the Italian anarchists Sacco
and Vanzetti came up against conservative old Massachusetts, and
were framed and executed on murder charges. As recently as the 1970s,
Boston experienced racial conflicts that matched the bitterness
of those erupting throughout the nation. This has been somewhat
healed of late, as have any economic doldrums that plagued the city
for the latter half of the century, and a new sense of confidence
- so emblematic of Boston's storied past - has taken hold.
Boston is East Coast America at its best, and spending a few days
there is strongly recommended. It's a place that isn't content to
rest on its laurels - the history is visible, but there's a great
deal of modern life and energy besides, thanks in part to the presence
of Cambridge , the home of Harvard University, just across the river.
Several further historic towns are within easy reach - Salem to
the north, Concord and Lexington just inland, and Plymouth to the
south. Provincetown , a three-hour ferry ride across the bay at
the tip of Cape Cod, is great fun to visit, and the rest of the
Cape offers historic towns, lovely beaches - and huge crowds. Except
for a handful of college towns such as Amherst, inland Massachusetts
is much quieter; its settlements are naturally concentrated where
the land is fertile, such as along the Connecticut River valley
and in the Berkshires to the west.
With the single proviso that all roads in Massachusetts seem to
lead to Boston, this is an easy state to tour on public transportation
. Planes, trains and buses all radiate out from the one great city;
the connections to Cape Cod in particular are legion. The Amtrak
line that connects Boston with New York, Philadelphia and Washington
is the best regional train service in the nation, and the east-west
line via Worcester and Springfield gives access to Montréal,
Toronto and Chicago. With the exception of local commuter lines,
trains do not, however, continue north of Boston. The only service
along the coast is the summer-only service south to Hyannis on Cape
Cod. Buses from Boston are also plentiful, but the only major north-south
route inland is Route 91 along the Connecticut River valley.
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