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Swathed in the romance of pirates, voodoo and Mardi Gras, LOUISIANA
is undeniably special. Its history is barely on nodding terms with
the view that America was the creation of the Pilgrim Fathers; its
way of life is proudly set apart. This is the land of the rural,
French-speaking Cajuns (descended from the Acadians, eighteenth-century
French-Canadian refugees), who live in the prairies and swamps in
the southwest of the state, and the Creoles of jazzy, sassy New
Orleans . (The term Creole was originally used to define anyone
born in the state to French or Spanish colonists - famed in the
nineteenth century for their masked balls, family feuds and duels
- as well as native-born, French-speaking slaves, but has since
come to define anyone or anything native to Louisiana, and in particular
its black population.) Louisiana's spicy home-cooked food , regular
festivals and lilting French-based dialect - and above all its music
( jazz, R&B, Cajun and its bluesy black counterpart, zydeco)
- draw from all these cultures. Oddly enough, north Louisiana -
Protestant Bible Belt country, where old plantation homes stand
decaying in vast cottonfields - feels more "Southern"
than the marshy bayous, shaded by ancient cypress trees and laced
with wispy trails of Spanish moss, of the Catholic south of the
state.
The French first settled Louisiana in 1682, braving swamps and
plagues to harvest the abundant cypress, but the state was sparsely
inhabited before its first permanent settlement, the trading post
of Natchitoches , was established in 1714. In 1760, Louis XV secretly
handed New Orleans, along with all French territory west of the
Mississippi, to his Spanish cousin, Charles III, as a safeguard
against the British. Louisiana remained Spanish until it was ceded
to Napoleon in 1801, under the proviso that it should never change
hands again. Just two years later, however, Napoleon, strapped for
cash to fund his battles with the British in Europe, struck a bargain
with president Thomas Jefferson known as the Louisiana Purchase
. This sneaky agreement handed over to the US all French lands between
Canada and Mexico, from the Mississippi to the Rockies, for a total
cost of $15 million. The subsequent "Americanization"
of Louisiana was one of the most momentous periods in the state's
history, with the port of New Orleans, in its key position near
the mouth of the Mississippi River , growing to become one of the
nation's wealthiest cities. Though the state seceded from the Union
to join the Confederacy in 1861, there were important differences
between Louisiana and the rest of the slave-driven South. The Black
Code , drawn up by the French in 1685 to govern Saint-Domingue (today's
Haiti) and established in Louisiana in 1724, had given slaves rights
unparalleled elsewhere, including permission to marry, meet socially
and take Sundays off. The black population of New Orleans in particular
was renowned as exceptionally literate and cosmopolitan.
Though Louisiana was not physically scarred by the Civil War, with
few important battles fought on its soil, its economy was ravaged,
and its social structures all but destroyed. The Reconstruction
era, too, hit particularly hard here, with the once great city of
New Orleans suffering a period of unprecedented lawlessness and
racial violence. In time the economy, at least, recovered, benefiting
from the key importance of the mighty Mississippi River and the
discovery of offshore oil, but over the last century Louisiana has
come to rely more and more heavily upon tourism , centered around
New Orleans and Cajun country. And it's not hard to see why: whether
canoeing along a moss-tangled bayou, dining in a crumbling Creole
cottage on spicy, buttery crawfish, or dancing on a steamy starlit
night to the best live music in the world, few visitors fail to
fall in love with Louisiana.
Louisiana is crossed east-west by two major interstates , I-20
in the north and I-10 in the south. New Orleans is the hub, traversed
by I-10 and served by I-55 and I-59 from Mississippi. I-49 sweeps
across southeast to northwest, connecting Cajun country with the
north.
The international airport is in New Orleans; regional airlines
serve the rest of the state and surrounding areas. Amtrak trains
link New Orleans with New York, Chicago and Memphis, and Los Angeles
via Lafayette. Greyhound buses connect the major towns with the
rest of the country, and are supplemented by smaller local lines.
In addition to the Mississippi's bridges and causeways, ferries
cross the river at New Orleans, St Francisville in Cajun country,
and at various points along the River Road to Baton Rouge.
See what Louisiana car rentals has to offer today. Choose a link
above to view today's special Louisiana rental car rates from different
agencies! Click here to get started with a car
rental quote now!
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