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Shimmering from the desert haze of Nevada like a latter-day El
Dorado, Las Vegas is the most dynamic, spectacular city on earth.
At the start of the twentieth century, it didn't even exist; at
the start of the twenty-first, it's home to well over one million
people, with enough newcomers arriving to need a new school every
month.
Las Vegas is not like other cities. No city in history has so explicitly
valued the needs of visitors above those of its own population.
All its growth has been fueled by tourism, but the tourists haven't
spoiled the "real" city; there is no real city. Las Vegas
doesn't have fascinating little-known neighborhoods, and it's not
a place where visitors can go off the beaten track to have more
authentic experiences. Instead, the whole thing is completely self-referential;
the reason Las Vegas boasts the vast majority of the world's largest
hotels is that around thirty-seven million tourists each year come
to see the hotels themselves.
Each of these monsters is much more than a mere hotel, and more
too than the casino that invariably lies at its core. They're extraordinary
places, self-contained fantasylands of high camp and genuine excitement
that can stretch as much as a mile from end to end. Each holds its
own flamboyant permutation of showrooms and swimming pools, luxurious
guest quarters and restaurants, high-tech rides and attractions.
The casinos want you to gamble, and they'll do almost anything
to lure you in; thus the huge moving walkways that pluck you from
the Strip sidewalk, almost against your will, and sweep you into
places like Caesars Palace . Once you're inside, on the other hand,
the last thing they want is for you to leave. Whatever you came
in for, you won't be able to do it without crisscrossing the casino
floor innumerable times; as for finding your way out, that can be
virtually impossible. The action keeps going day and night, and
in this windowless - and clock-free - environment you rapidly lose
track of which is which.
"Little emphasis is placed on the gambling clubs No cheap
and easily parodied slogans have been adopted to publicize Las Vegas,
no attempt has been made to introduce pseudo-romantic architectural
themes or to give artificial glamour or gaiety."
- WPA Guidebook to Nevada, 1940
Las Vegas never dares to rest on its laurels, so the basic concept
of the Strip casino has been endlessly refined since the Western-themed
resorts and ranches of the 1940s. In the 1950s and 1960s, when most
visitors arrived by car , the casinos presented themselves as lush
tropical oases at the end of the long desert drive. Once air travel
took over, Las Vegas opted for Disneyesque fantasy, a process that
started in the late 1960s with Caesars Palace and culminated with
Excalibur and Luxor in the early 1990s.
These days, after six decades of capitalism run riot, the Strip
is locked into a hyperactive craving for thrills and glamour. First-time
visitors tend to expect Las Vegas to be a repository of kitsch ,
but the casino owners are far too canny to be sentimental about
the old days. Yes, there are a few Elvis impersonators around, but
what characterizes the city far more is its endless quest for novelty
. Long before they lose their sparkle, yesterday's showpieces are
blasted into rubble, to make way for ever more extravagant replacements.
The Disney model has now been discarded in favor of more adult themes,
and Las Vegas demands nothing less than entire cities . Replicas
of New York, Paris, Monte Carlo and Venice now jostle for space
on the Strip.
The customer is king in Las Vegas. What the visitor wants, the
city provides. If you come in search of the cheapest destination
in America, you'll enjoy paying rock-bottom rates for accommodation
and hunting out the best buffet bargains. If it's style and opulence
you're after, by contrast, you can dine in the finest restaurants,
shop in the most chic stores, and watch world-class entertainment;
it'll cost you, but not as much as it would anywhere else. The same
guidelines apply to gambling . The Strip giants cater to those who
want sophisticated high-roller heavens, where tuxedoed James Bond
lookalikes toss insouciant bankrolls onto the roulette tables. Others
prefer their casinos to be sinful and seedy, inhabited by hard-bitten
heavy-smoking low-lifes; there is no shortage of that type of joint
either, especially downtown.
On the face of it, the city is supremely democratic. However you
may be dressed, however affluent or otherwise you may appear, you'll
be welcomed in its stores, restaurants, and above all its casinos.
The one thing you almost certainly won't get, however, is the last
laugh ; all that seductive deference comes at a price. It would
be nice to imagine that perhaps half of your fellow visitors are
skilful gamblers, raking in the profits at the tables, while the
other half are losing, but the bottom line is that almost nobody's
winning. In the words of Steve Wynn, who built Bellagio and the
Mirage , "The only way to make money in a casino is to own
one"; according to the latest figures, 85 percent of visitors
gamble, and they lose an average of $665 each. On top of that, most
swiftly come to see that virtually any other activity works out
cheaper than gambling, so end up spending their money on all sorts
of other things as well. What's so clever about Las Vegas is that
it makes absolutely certain that you have such a good time that
you don't mind losing a bit of money along the way; that's why they
don't even call it "gambling" anymore, but "gaming."
Finally, while Las Vegas has certainly cleaned up its act since
the early days of Mob domination, there's little truth in the notion
that it's become a family destination. In fact, for kids, it's doesn't
begin to compare to somewhere like Orlando. Several casinos have
added theme parks or fun rides to fill those odd nongambling moments,
but only ten percent of visitors bring children, and the crowds
that cluster around the exploding volcanoes and pirate battles along
the Strip remain almost exclusively adult.
It doesn't take long to come to grips with the physical layout
of Las Vegas. Downtown , slightly southeast of the intersection
of I-15 and US-95, may stand at the center of an urban sprawl that
stretches fifteen miles in all directions, but it's the legendary
Strip , starting two miles south of downtown, where the main action
takes place. In fact, by no coincidence at all, the Strip begins
at the point where Las Vegas Boulevard leaves the city limits, and
casino owners are therefore not liable to city taxes.
The Strip itself consists of the four miles of Las Vegas Boulevard
between the Sahara and Mandalay Bay , and thus now reaches as far
south as McCarran Airport. Almost every building along the way is
a casino, each frantically clamoring for the attention of the tourists
who throng the road day and night. For the sake of convenience,
it's often loosely divided into the South Strip , from Mandalay
Bay up to the MGM Grand and New York-New York ; the Central Strip
, which includes Bellagio, Caesars Palace and the Venetian ; and
the North Strip , from the Stardust to the Sahara .
Whatever you might expect, downtown Las Vegas is not a bustling
area where locals go about their business far from the mayhem of
the Strip. Instead, it too is utterly dominated by casinos. Its
centerpiece, the Fremont Street Experience , is an extraordinary
architectural conceit, in which four blocks of its main thoroughfare
have been roofed over to give it the feel of a theme park rather
than a real city. An unfortunate side effect has been to make the
rest of downtown seem even more derelict and menacing than before;
it is not an area any visitor should attempt to explore.
In between the Strip and downtown lie two somewhat seedy miles
of gas stations, fast-food drive-ins, and wedding chapels, parts
of which have been optimistically but pointlessly promoted as the
Gateway District .
Being closely paralleled by both the I-15 interstate and the (currently
inactive) railroad line, the Strip also serves as the dividing line
between east and west Las Vegas. The closest attempt to match the
success of the Strip has been along Paradise Road , immediately
to the east and home to the Las Vegas Hilton , the Convention Center,
the Hard Rock , and several popular restaurants. A large campus
to the east of Paradise Road, between Flamingo and Tropicana avenues,
houses UNLV - the University of Nevada Las Vegas - whose students
tend to hang out on Maryland Parkway , another block east.
Although the area to the west of the Strip is less susceptible
to generalization, the Rio and the Palms have encouraged tourists
to stray across to the far side of the interstate, and Decatur Boulevard
, especially around Sahara Avenue, is a thriving shopping district.
City residents, of course, can distinguish between the demographic
profiles of any number of Las Vegas neighborhoods , but tourists
spend so little of their time anywhere other than the Strip or downtown
that they can remain oblivious. Broadly speaking, the northeast
and northwest quadrants of the city are its less affluent areas,
while its most fashionable district is Henderson to the southwest
- ranked in its own right as one of America's fastest-growing cities
- with the new Summerlin development to the east tipped as a future
rival.
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