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Its skyscrapers marking the final transition between the Great
Plains and the American West, DENVER stands at the threshold of
the Rocky Mountains . Despite being known as the " Mile High
City ," and serving as the obvious point of arrival for travelers
heading into the mountains, it is itself uniformly flat. The majestic
peaks are clearly visible, but they only begin to rise roughly fifteen
miles west of downtown, and Denver has, during the last century,
had plenty of room to spread out.
Mineral wealth has always been at the heart of the city's prosperity,
with all the fluctuations of fortune that this entails. Though local
resources have been progressively exhausted, Denver has managed
to hang on to its role as the most important commercial and transportation
nexus in the state. Its original "foundation" in 1858
was by pure chance; this was the first spot where small quantities
of gold were discovered in Colorado. There was no significant river,
let alone a road, but prospectors came streaming in, regardless
of prior claims to the land - least of all those of the Arapahoe
, who had supposedly been confirmed in their ownership of the area
by the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. Various communities had their
own names for the settlement; with the judicious distribution of
whiskey, one faction persuaded the rest to agree to "Denver"
in 1859. The hope was to ingratiate themselves with the governor
of the Kansas Territory, James Denver, but it turned out he had
already resigned. The newspaperman Horace Greeley passed through
in the early days, and described the place as a "log city of
150 dwellings, not three-fourths completed nor two-thirds inhabited,
nor one-third fit to be."
There was actually very little gold in Denver itself; the infant
town swarmed briefly with disgruntled fortune-seekers, who decamped
when news came in of the massive gold strike at Central City. Denver
survived, however, prospering further with the discovery of silver
in the mountains. All sorts of shady characters made this their
home; Jefferson "Soapy" Smith, for example, acquired his
nickname here, selling bars of soap at extortionate prices under
the pretence that some contained $100 bills. When the first railroads
bypassed Denver - the death knell for so many other communities
- the citizens simply banded together and built their own connecting
spur.
These days, Denver is a welcoming and enjoyable, though conservative
city. Tourism is based on getting out into the wide open spaces
rather than on sightseeing in town, but somehow its isolation, a
good six hundred miles from any conurbation of even vaguely similar
size, gives its two-million population a refreshing friendliness;
and in a city which is used to providing its own entertainment there
always seems to be something going on
Though oil money brought a spate of high-rise construction in the
early 1980s, creating the "17th Street canyon," downtown
Denver remains recognizable as the Gold Rush town of the 1860s.
It's very easy to pick out the oldest sections on a map; though
an endless regimental grid stretches for miles in all directions,
at its heart one small area of tightly packed streets stands at
a sharp angle to the rest. Much of the day-to-day activity centers
on the shops and restaurants of 16th Street , which but for its
free buses is a pedestrian zone; there's also a range of galleries,
brewpubs, shops and lofts in the revitalized district bordered by
14th and 20th, and Wynkoop and Larimer streets, known as LoDo ,
or Lower Downtown. It was in the Larimer Square district, around
Market Street between 14th and 15th, that William Larimer built
Denver's original log cabin. That burned down in a general conflagration
within a few years, whereupon a city ordinance decreed that all
new construction should be in brick. Restored to its late Victorian
appearance, Larimer Square provides another lively focus for shops,
bars and restaurants.
For a quick appreciation of Denver's geographical position, head
for the State Capitol at Broadway and E Colfax Avenue. The thirteenth
of the steps up to its entrance is exactly one mile above sea level;
turn back and look west, and you get a commanding view - zealously
protected by building regulations - of the Rockies swelling on the
horizon. The capitol is a rather predictable copy of the one in
Washington, DC, but the free tours (Mon-Fri 9.30am-3.30pm) are pleasantly
informal, and you can climb its dome for an even better view. The
world's entire available supply of red onyx was used to make its
wainscoting.
Civic Center Park , right in front of the capitol, is flanked by
two of Denver's finest museums. The glass-tile-covered Denver Art
Museum at 100 W 14th Ave (Tues-Sat 10am-5pm, Sun noon-5pm; $4.50,
free Sat; ) has a solid collection of paintings from around the
world, but is most noteworthy for its superb examples of Native
American craftwork, with marvelous beadwork by Plains tribes and
some finely detailed Navajo weavings. Some of the pre-Columbian
art from Central America - particularly the extraordinary Olmec
miniatures - is also spectacular.
The most interesting features of the Colorado History Museum at
1300 Broadway (Mon-Sat 10am-4.30pm, Sun noon-4.30pm; $4.50; ) are
to be found in the downstairs galleries. Several dioramas, made
under the auspices of the WPA in the 1930s, show historical scenes
in fascinating detail, starting with the Ancestral Puebloans of
Mesa Verde, following up with trappers meeting with Indians at a
"fair in the wilderness" in the early 1800s, and a model
of Denver in 1860. An exhaustive archive of photo graphs of the
early West showcases the work of W.H. Jackson, who died in 1942
at the age of 99.
Free tours of the US Mint , a short walk northwest at 320 W Colfax
Ave (Mon-Fri 8am-2.45pm; every 20min; ), reveal millions of fresh
coins gushing from the presses in a flurry of flashing metal; avaricious
fantasies are checked, though, once you notice the machine-gun turrets
on the exterior, mounted in the depth of the Depression.
The Molly Brown House , 1340 Pennsylvania Ave (June-Aug Mon-Sat
10am-3.30pm, Sun noon-3.30pm; Sept-May same schedule, closed Mon;
$6; ), was home to the "unsinkable" Molly Brown, who is
most famous for surviving the sinking of the Titanic (she'd already
lived through a typhoon in the Pacific) and raising money for the
survivors and their families. Interestingly, "Molly" is
a moniker picked up after her death - she was known as Maggie during
her lifetime. A poor Irish girl who went West to marry a millionaire,
she ended up mixing with high society in Denver; after the Titanic
brought her notoriety, she went on to become a suffragette and eventually
ran for senator. Sadly, the house tours concentrate more on what
the Browns owned and what the preservationists have managed to authenticate
than on illuminating her extraordinary life.
Denver's black community is most prominent in the old Five Points
district, northeast of downtown, created to house black railroad
workers in the 1870s. The Black American West Museum at 3091 California
St (summer Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat & Sun noon-5pm; rest of year
Wed-Fri 10am-2pm, Sat & Sun noon-5pm; $3; ) has intriguing details
on black pioneers and outlaws. Perhaps the most interesting section
is on cowboys, which debunks a lot of Western myths: one-third of
all cowboys are thought to have been black, many of them slaves
freed after the Civil War who left the South and found work as cattle
hands.
Two or three miles east of downtown en route to the airport, the
enormous City Park is home to the Denver Museum of Nature and Science
, 2001 Colorado Blvd (daily 9am-5pm; museum and planetarium $6,
IMAX $6, all three for $9; ). As with many such museums, its brief
extends beyond the (very good) dinosaur exhibits and wildlife displays
to include anthropological material on Native Americans, which,
though fascinating, does seem rather out of place. There's also
a large zoo nearby (daily: April-Oct 9am-6pm; rest of year 10am-5pm;
$8; ), whose four thousand inmates include a couple of huge lowland
gorillas in a large, thickly wooded sanctuary.
Denver's Six Flags Elitch Gardens theme park, on the western edge
of downtown at 2000 Elitch Circle (summer Sun-Thurs 10am-10pm, Fri
& Sat 10am-11pm; rest of year hours vary; $33 aged 6 and above;
tel 303/595-4386, ), is not only unusual for being so close to the
city center (accessible by a cycle path along Cherry Creek or on
the Cultural Connection Trolley), but also in having a state-of-the-art
water park attached. There are some great white-knuckle rides here,
including the Mind Eraser, that catapults you at 60mph through terrifying
corkscrew loops; the Tower of Doom, a freefall vertical drop of
70ft; and the Sidewinder, which spins you round an impossibly tight
loop and then, sadistically, does it again - backwards.
If you're looking for something a little quieter, the glitzy Cherry
Creek Mall , a few miles southeast of downtown, is second only to
the 16th Street mall as Denver's most popular shopping center. Opposite
its main entrance is one of the best bookstores in the US, the Tattered
Cover Bookstore at 2955 E First Ave (tel 303/322-7727), which spreads
over four extremely well-stocked floors. Even more tranquil is the
Denver Botanical Gardens , 1005 York St (daily 9am-5pm; $3; ), where
an excellent array of beautifully displayed plant life thrive, including
a rock alpine garden featuring local mountain flora.
Finally, twenty miles west of downtown, high above the Coors Brewery
town of Golden, Buffalo Bill's Memorial Museum and Mountain Parks
on Lookout Mountain (May-Oct daily 9am-5pm; Nov-April Tues-Sun 9am-4pm;
$3) is the final resting place of William Cody, famed frontiersman,
buffalo-hunter, army scout and showman, who died in Denver in 1915.
Though now surrounded by huge electricity pylons, the gravesite
offers great views in both directions, over the city and out to
the mountains. The adjacent museum does a thorough job of outlining
Buffalo Bill's past, and one of the more gruesome elements on display
is a pistol whose handle has been fashioned from human bone.
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