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COLORADO is one of the least geographically homogenous of the United
States, ranging from the flat, endless plains of the east to the
colossal mountains of the west. In the north, Native Americans hunted
and trapped in lush mountain valleys in summer, and returned to
the prairies for the winter; in the south, the Ancestral Puebloans
of Mesa Verde grew corn on their isolated mesas and shared in the
great early civilization of the southwest.
Different parts of what's now Colorado accrued to the US at different
times: the east and north were acquired under the Louisiana Purchase
in 1803, while the south was won 45 years later in the war with
Mexico . (Land grants issued under Mexican rule were honored by
the Americans, which accounts for a still-strong Hispanic influence.)
Gold-hungry Spaniards came through in the sixteenth century, and
US Army Colonel Zebulon Pike ventured into the mountains on an exploratory
expedition in 1806, but the Native American way of life only became
seriously threatened with the discovery of gold west of Denver in
1858. At that time Colorado was still part of Kansas Territory;
it became a territory in its own right in 1861, and a state in 1876.
The distractions of the Civil War gave the Native Americans the
opportunity to fight back, but they were soon overwhelmed. From
then until the end of the century, Colorado boomed; the quantities
of gold and silver extracted from the mountains did not really compare
with the riches found in Colorado, but they were sufficient to
fuel a rip-roaring frontier lifestyle. At first, too, absentee landlords
attempted to exploit massive ranches on the plains, but their disregard
for conservation ensured that the droughts and storms of 1886 and
1887 swept away the topsoil.
For the modern visitor, the obvious first port of call is Denver
, at the eastern edge of the Rockies and the biggest city for six
hundred miles. Outside Denver, the northern half of the state holds
the most popular destinations, starting with the dynamic college
town of Boulder and the spectacular Rocky Mountain National Park
. The majority of the resorts that have made Colorado the continent's
foremost skiing destination snuggle into the mountains to the west
of Denver: Summit County attracts the most visitors, Vail is considered
best for terrain, and Aspen boasts the glitziest après-ski
scene. The far west of the state stretches onto the red-rock deserts
of the Colorado Plateau. Pikes Peak towers over the enjoyable city
of Colorado Springs , but the rest of the state's southeast quarter
is mostly agricultural plains. To the southwest untouched old mining
towns like Crested Butte and Durango stand in the mountains, while
Mesa Verde National Park preserves perhaps the most impressive of
all the cliff cities left by the ancient Ancestral Puebloan civilization.
By far the largest airport in Colorado is in Denver. Shuttle buses
radiate from there to all the main towns and ski resorts - as do
commuter-style aircraft. Denver is also a major hub for Greyhound
buses to all neighboring states. Amtrak trains run straight across
the middle of Colorado, timed in both directions to pass through
magnificent Glenwood Canyon in daylight hours, but are so slow that
they're barely more efficient than the hugely enjoyable tourist
train, the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, in the
southwest.
Colorado is also one of the best destinations in the world for
cyclists , hosting numerous on- and off-road championships. For
excellent maps and guides to cycle routes in the state, contact
the State Department of Transportation (tel 719/530-0051).
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