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Although the metropolitan area of BOSTON has long since expanded
to fill the shoreline of Massachusetts Bay , and stretches for miles
inland as well, the seventeenth-century port at its heart is still
discernible. Forget the neat grids of modern urban America; the
twisting streets clustered around Boston Common are a reminder of
how the nation started out, and the city is enjoyably human in scale.
Boston was, until 1755, the biggest city in America; as the one
most directly affected by the latest whims of the British Crown,
it was the natural birthplace for the opposition that culminated
in the Revolutionary War . Numerous evocative sites from that era
are preserved along the Freedom Trail through downtown. Since then,
however, Boston has in effect turned its back on the sea. As the
third busiest port in the British Empire (after London and Bristol),
it stood on a narrow peninsula. What is now Washington Street provided
the only access by land, and when the British set off to Lexington
in 1775 they embarked in ships from the Common itself. During the
nineteenth century, the Charles River marshlands were filled in
to create the posh Back Bay residential area. Central Boston is
now slightly set back from the water, separated by the hideous John
Fitzgerald Expressway that carries I-93 across downtown. The city
has been working on routing the traffic underground and disposing
of this eyesore (a project a decade in the making known as "the
Big Dig"), though the monumental task won't likely be completed
before 2004, much to the frustration of locals.
There is a certain truth in the charge leveled by other Americans
that Boston likes to live in the past; echoes of the "Brahmins"
of a century ago can be heard in the upper-class drawl of the posher
districts. But this is by no means just a city of WASPs: the Irish
who began to arrive in large numbers after the Great Famine had
produced their first mayor as early as 1885, and the president of
the whole country within a hundred years. The liberal tradition
that spawned the Kennedys remains alive, fed in part by the presence
in the city of more than one hundred universities and colleges,
the most famous of which - Harvard University - actually stands
in the city of Cambridge, just across the Charles River, and is
fully integrated into the tourist experience thanks to the area's
excellent subway system.
The slump of the Depression seemed to linger in Boston for years
- even in the 1950s, the population was actually dwindling - but
these days the place definitely has a rejuvenated feel to it. Quincy
Market has served as a blueprint for urban development worldwide,
and with its busy street life, imaginative museums and galleries,
fine architecture and palpable history, Boston is the one destination
in New England there's no excuse for missing.
Boston has grown up around Boston Common , which was set aside
as public land in 1634. The obvious first stop on any tour of the
city, it is also one of the gems in the string of nine parks (six
of which were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, America's foremost
landscape architect) known as Boston's Emerald Necklace . Another
gem is the lovely Public Garden , across Charles Street, where the
two-ton swan boats ($1.50), which paddle across the main pond, are
a less-than-natural, though whimsical, focal point.
The visitor center - the start of the Freedom Trail - is near the
tapering north end of the Common. As you stand here, facing up Tremont
Street with the State House away to your left, the main shopping
district, Quincy Market , and the waterfront are slightly ahead
and down to the right. The modern concrete wasteland of Government
Center is straight up Tremont Street, with the North End beyond
- first Irish, then Jewish, and now very definitely Italian. A short
way behind you on the left rises Beacon Hill , every bit as elegant
as when Henry James called Mount Vernon Street "the most prestigious
address in America" (and far removed from its eighteenth-century
nickname of "Mount Whoredom"). Heading away from the center
down Tremont Street brings you to Chinatown and the Theater District
, while grand boulevards such as Commonwealth Avenue lead west from
the Public Garden into the Back Bay , where Harvard Bridge runs
across the Charles River into Cambridge .
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